SequenceofeventsAfireoccurredinawarehousestoringfer-tilizersandchemicalproductsbelongingtoawholesaledistributorofnumerousproducts,includingsugar,molasses,fer-tilizers,andcereals.Thestorageinstal-lationwassubdividedinto8compart-mentsofwhichtwocontainedNPK(15%N,8%P,22%K)fertilizersinquantitiesof600tonnesand850tonnesrespec-tively.Inaddition,onecompartmentalsocontained650tonnesofammoniumnitratefertilizerandtheotherwasalsostoring200tonnesof46%ureasolu-tion.On29thOctober1987smokewasdetectedbyanoperatorinBoxNo.2ofthewarehouse,thatis,thecompartmentthatcontained850tonnesofNPKfer-tilizer.Thefirstreactionofthepersonnelwastoattackthesourceofthefirewithportablefireextinguishers,intheabsenceofactivatedfirehosereels.Arrivingonthesite,firemenobservedthatverythicksmokewasemittedfromthestoragecompartment.Italsoappearedthatafirewasburningbeneaththemass.How-ever,theinterventionofthefirefightersappearedtofocussolelyonthepresenceofammoniumnitratefertilizer,ignoring,thenatureoftheotherchemicalprod-ucts.Further,disagreementsbetweenexpertsoccurredwhichdelayedtheap-plicationofeffectiveresponsemethods.Theaccidentresultedintheslightinjuryofthreeemployeesand38000peoplewereevacuatedfor8hours.(Continuedonbackpage...)Number5June2014JRC91057MAHBulletinSECURITYTECHNOLOGYASSESSMENTUNITInstitutefortheProtectionandSecurityoftheCitizenEuropeanCommission21027Ispra(VA)Italyhttp://ipsc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/Copyright©EuropeanUnion,2014SummaryInpreparingthisbulletin,25majoraccidentsineMARSinvolvingfertiliz-erswerestudiedtogetherwithanad-ditional25accidentsfromotherfreesources,includingalsoaccidentsintransport.EventswerechosenonthebasisthatammoniumnitrateorNPKfertilizer(nitrogen-phosphorus-potas-sium)wasinvolvedintheaccident.Ingeneral,withsomeexceptions,mostaccidentsoccurredinware-housesorgeneralchemicalsmanu-facturers,buttransportaccidentsinvolvingammoniumnitratefer-tilizershavealsocausedseriousaccidentsresultinginsevereca-sualtiesandpropertydamage.Pleasenote:Theaccidentdescriptionsandles-sonslearnedarereconstructedfromaccidentreportssubmittedtotheEU’sMajorAccidentReportingSystemhttps://emars.jrc.ec.europa.euaswellasotheropensources.EMARSconsistsofover800reportsofchemicalaccidentscontributedbyEUMemberStatesandOECDCountries.ChemicalAccidentPrevention&PreparednessLessonsLearnedBulletinNo.5Majoraccidentsinvolvingfertilizersoperatorsandgovernmentregulators.InfuturetheCAPPLessonsLearnedBulletinwillbeproducedTheaimofthebulletinistoprovideinsightsonlessonslearnedfromaccidentreportedintheEuropeanMajorAccidentReportingSystem(eMARS)andotheraccidentsourcesforbothindustryonasemi-annualbasis.EachissueoftheBulletinfocusesonaparticulartheme.Figure1:TheinstallationconcernedSource:ARIAN°5009Accident1WholesaleandretailstorageanddistributionProductionandstorageoffertilizersAsasubstance,ammoniumnitratehasalonghistory.(Itwasfirstproducedin1659).Itisa“dual-use”substancefromwhicheitherfertilizersorexplosivescanbeproduced.Itisproducedatalargescalethroughouttheworld(over20milliontonneIsin1998)withoverathirdofthisproductionbasedinEurope(over7milliontonnesin1998).Itiswithoutdoubtimportantforwesternsociety.ItisaneasilyabsorbedandefficientsourceofnitrogenforplantsandparticularlysuitabletogrowthconditionsoftheEuropeanclimate.Itsefficientabsorptionratemeansthatitisrelativelyfriendlytotheenvironmentrelativetoothermanufacturedfertilizers;theam...
优质VIP
