MACHINESAFETYIntroductionUnguardedmovingpartsofmachines/equipmentandthesuddenoruncontrolledreleaseoftheirpowersystemscanresultinseriousinjuries.Personnelworkingwithmachinesmustbeawareoftherisksinvolvedandfollowsafeworkpractices.Causesofaccidentswhileworkingwithmachinery•Looseclothing,hair,jewelrybeingcaughtinmovingparts.•Materialsejectedfromthemachinewhenitisoperational.•Inadvertentstartingofthemachine.•Slippingandfallingintoanunguardednip.•Contactwithsharpedges,e.g.,cuttingblade.•Makingadjustmentswhilethemachineisoperational.•Unauthorizedoperationofmachines.•Lackofpreventivemaintenance.Hazards-Rotatingmachinepartsgiverisetonippoints.Examplesare•Rotatinggears•Beltanditspulley•Chainandsprocket•Betweengrindingwheelandtoolrest•Betweenrotatingandfixedparts-Rotatingpartsoperatingalone•Shafts•Couplings-ReciprocatingandslidingmotionsDangerouspartsofmachineryRunningnipsbetweenpartsrotatinginoppositedirections,fore.g.,gearwheels.NippointDangerouspartsofmachineryRotatingpartsoperatingalonee.g.,couplings.DangerouspartsofmachineryBetweenrotatingandtangentiallymovingpartse.g.,beltdrives.Dangerouspartsofmachinery•Whereverthereisarotatingpartoperatingclosetoafixedstructurethereisadangeroftrappingorcrushing.•Reciprocatingandslidingmotions.MachineGuardingAnymachinepartwhichcancauseinjury,mustbeguarded.Machineguardshelptoeliminatepersonnelhazardscreatedbypointsofoperation,ingoingnippoints,rotatingpartsandflyingchips.TypesofguardsCommonlyusedmachineguardsare•Fixedguard•Interlockedguard•Adjustableguard•Selfadjustingguard•Pullbackdevice•Two-handcontrolTypesofguardsFixedguard-iskeptinplacepermanentlybyfastenersthatcanonlybereleasedbytheuseofatool.Typesofguards•Interlockedguard-shutsoffordisengagespowertothemachineandpreventsitfromstartingwhentheguardisremoved/opened.•Adjustableguard-providesabarrierwhichcanbeadjustedtosuitthevaryingsizesoftheinputstock.•Selfadjustingguard-providesabarrierwhichmovesaccordingtothesizeofthestockenteringthedangerarea.Typesofguards•Twohandcontrol-concurrentuseofbothhandsisrequiredtooperatethemachine,preventingtheoperatorfromreachingthedangerarea.•Pullback-thedeviceisattachedtothewristoftheoperatorwhichpullstheoperator'shandsawayfromthepointofoperationorotherhazardousareaswhenthemachineoperates.Miscellaneoussafeguardingaids•Shieldscanbeusedtoprovideprotectionfromflyingparticles,splashingmetalworkingfluidsorcoolants.•Holdingtoolscanbeusedtoplaceandremovestock.Example,reachingintothedangerareaofapowerpress.•Holdingtoolsmustnotbeusedasareplacementofmachineguards.Safetyprecautionswhileworkingwithmachinery•Ensurethattheguardsareinpositionandingoodworkingconditionbeforeoperating.•Knowthelocationofemergencystopswitch.•Donotwearlooseclothingorjewelrythatcanbecaughtintherotatingparts.•Confinelonghair.Safetyprecautionswhileworkingwithmachinery•Thekeysandadjustingwrenchesmustberemovedfromthemachinebeforeoperatingit.Safetyprecautionswhileworkingwithmachinery•Stopthemachinebeforemeasuring,cleaningormakinganyadjustments.•Donothandlemetalturningsbyhandastheycancauseinjury.Usebrushorraketoremoveturnings.•Keephandsawayfromthecuttingheadandallmovingparts.•Cuttingtoolsandbladesmustbecleanandsharp,sothattheycanbeusedwithoutforce.Safetyprecautionswhileworkingwithmachinery•Avoidawkwardoperationsandhandpositions.Asuddenslipcouldcausethehandtomove...
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