Machine Guarding & Equipment Safety.pdfVIP专享VIP免费原创优质

©SafetyServicesCompany1MACHINEGUARDING&EQUIPMENTSAFETY29CFR-§1910.211-.219-MachineGuardingBasicsofMachineSafeguardingSafeguardsareessentialforprotectingworkersfromneedlessandpreventableinjuries.Agoodruletorememberis:Anymachinepart,function,orprocesswhichmaycauseinjurymustbesafeguarded.Whentheoperationofamachineoraccidentalcontactwithitcaninjuretheoperatororothersinthevicinity,thehazardsmustbeeithercontrolledoreliminated.Thisinformationdescribesthevarioushazardsofmechanicalmotionanddescribessometechniquesforprotectingworkersfromthesehazards.Generalinformationincludeswheremechanicalhazardsoccur,thehazardscreatedbydifferentkindsofmotionsandtherequirementsforeffectivesafeguards,aswellasabriefdiscussionofnon-mechanicalhazards.PrinciplesThepurposeofmachineguardingistoprotectagainstandpreventinjuryfrom:PointofoperationIn-runningnippointsRotatingpartsFlyingchipsSparksWhereMechanicalHazardsOccurDangerousmovingpartsinthreebasicareasrequiresafeguarding:1.PointofOperationCuttingBoringTurningBendingShapingFormingShearingDrillingGrindingPunching2.PowerTransmissionApparatusAllcomponentsofthemechanicalsystemwhichtransmitenergytothepartofthemachineperformingthework:FlywheelsCouplingsChainsSprocketsPulleysCamsCranksShaftsBeltsSpindlesGearsRods3.OtherMovingPartsAllpartsofthemachinewhichmoveswhilethemachineisworking:ReciprocatingTransverseAuxiliarypartsRotatingFeedmechanisms2©SafetyServicesCompanyRotatingpulleywithspokesandprojectingspuronfaceofpulleyRotatingshaftandpulleyswithprojectingkeyandsetscrewRotatingcouplingwithprojectingboltheadsBurrHazardousMechanicalMotionsAwidevarietyofmechanicalmotionsandactionsmaypresenthazardstotheworker.Thesecanincludethemovementofrotatingmembers(belts,sprockets,fanblades,etc.),reciprocatingarms(shakerscreens,tables,etc.),movingbelts(transversemotionconveyors,transferchains/belts,etc.),meshinggears,cuttingteeth,andanypartsthatimpactorshear.Therearethreebasiccategoriesofhazardousmachineandequipmentmotions:1.Rotating2.Reciprocating3.TransverseRotatingmotioncanbedangerous;evensmooth,slowlyrotatingshaftscangripclothing,andthroughmereskincontactforceanarmorhandintoadangerousposition.Injuriesduetocontactwithrotatingpartscanbesevere.Collars,couplings,cams,clutches,flywheels,shaftends,spindles,meshinggears,andhorizontalorverticalshaftingaresomeexamplesofcommonrotatingmechanismswhichmaybehazardous.Thedangerincreaseswhenprojectionssuchassetscrews,bolts,nocks,abrasions,andprojectingkeysorsetscrewsareexposedonrotatingparts.In-runningnippointhazardsarecausedbytherotatingpartsonmachinery.Therearethreemaintypesofin-runningnips.Partscanrotateinoppositedirectionswhiletheiraxesareparalleltoeachother.Thesepartsmaybeincontact(producinganippoint)orincloseproximity.Inthelattercasethestockfedbetweentherollsproducesthenippoints.Thisdangeriscommononmachineswithintermeshinggears,rollingmills,andcalendars.Nippointsarealsocreatedbetweenrotatingandtangentiallymovingparts.Someexampleswouldbe:Thepointofcontactbetweenapowertransmissionbeltanditspulley,achainandasprocket,andarackandpinion.Nippointscanoccurbetweenrotatingandfixedpartswhichcreateashearing,crushing,orabradingaction.Examplesare:Spokedhandwheelsorflywheels,screwconveyors,ortheperipheryofanabrasivewheelandanincorrectlyadjustedworkrest.Reciprocatingmotionsmaybeha...