LECTURENOTESForEnvironmentalHealthScienceStudentsSolidandHazardousWasteManagementTakeleTadesseUniversityofGondarIncollaborationwiththeEthiopiaPublicHealthTrainingInitiative,TheCarterCenter,theEthiopiaMinistryofHealth,andtheEthiopiaMinistryofEducationAugust2004FundedunderUSAIDCooperativeAgreementNo.663-A-00-00-0358-00.ProducedincollaborationwiththeEthiopiaPublicHealthTrainingInitiative,TheCarterCenter,theEthiopiaMinistryofHealth,andtheEthiopiaMinistryofEducation.ImportantGuidelinesforPrintingandPhotocopyingLimitedpermissionisgrantedfreeofchargetoprintorphotocopyallpagesofthispublicationforeducational,not-for-profitusebyhealthcareworkers,studentsorfaculty.Allcopiesmustretainallauthorcreditsandcopyrightnoticesincludedintheoriginaldocument.Undernocircumstancesisitpermissibletosellordistributeonacommercialbasis,ortoclaimauthorshipof,copiesofmaterialreproducedfromthispublication.©2004byTakeleTadesseAllrightsreserved.Exceptasexpresslyprovidedabove,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutwrittenpermissionoftheauthororauthors.Thismaterialisintendedforeducationaluseonlybypracticinghealthcareworkersorstudentsandfacultyinahealthcarefield.SolidWasteManagementiPrefaceInadequateorinappropriatemanagementofsolidwasteproducedinthecourseofhumanactivitiesislikelytohaveseriouspublichealthconsequencesanddeleteriouseffectsontheenvironment.Inthislecturenote,thevariouscategoriesofsolidwastesaredefined.Considerableemphasisisgiventoclassifications,generationrateandcompositionofsolidwaste.Mostofthetext,however,isdevotedtothefunctionalelementsofsolidwastemanagementprogramsparticularly,tostorage,collectionanddisposalofsolidwastes.Thevarioustechnologiesforfinaldisposalofsolidwastesarediscussedindetail.Forhealth-careinstitutionsinwhichresourcesareseverelylimited,thereisaseparatepremiseonminimalprograms;thissummarizesthesimplestandleastcostlytechniquesthatcanbeemployedforthesafemanagementofhealth-caresolidwastes.Thislecturenoteisaimedatenvironmentalhealthprofessionals,andpublichealthprofessionalswithaninterestinandresponsibilityforanintegratedsolidwastemanagementsystemtominimizeoreliminatepublicandSolidWasteManagementiienvironmentalhealthproblemssoastopreventdiseasesandpromotehealthandwellbeingofthecommunity.Itsscopeissuchthatitwillfindapplicationindiplomaanddegreestudentsalike.Thelecturenotehasfourchaptersandeachofthechaptershasreviewquestionsattheendtoenhancetheteaching/learningprocess.SolidWasteManagementiiiAcknowledgmentsIwouldbefailinginmydutyifIdidnotpaymythankstothosewhohavehelpedandencouragedmeinwritingthisteachingmaterial.IamgratefultoProfessorDennisG.Carlson,AdvisortoTheCarterCenter,forgivingvaluedencouragementandhonorableadvice.TheauthorishighlythankfultoTheCarterCenterforitsoverallfinancialandmaterialhelpfrominceptiontocompletionofthisteachingmaterial.IgratefullyacknowledgeAtoGabre-EmanuelTeka,AssociateProfessorintheFacultyofMedicine,DepartmentofCommunityHealth,AddisAbabaUniversityforgivingthoroughreadingandvaluablecommentsthroughoutallthechapters.Iwishtoexpressmysincerethankstothefollowingreviewerswhosecontributionsarereflectedthroughoutthismaterial:Dr.MengeshaAdmassu,AtoShiferawGezehagn,AtoMamoWubshet,AtoGashawAndargie,AtoYifokirTefera,andW/tAnshaNega...
优质VIP
