MaureenHeratyWOODAnaLisaVETEREARELLANOLorenzoVANWIJK2013EUR26331ENCorrosion‐RelatedAccidentsinPetroleumRefineriesLessonslearnedfromaccidentsinEUandOECDcountriesEuropeanCommissionJointResearchCentreInstitutefortheProtectionandSecurityoftheCitizenContactinformationMaureenHeratyWOODAddress:JointResearchCentre,ViaEnricoFermi2749,TP720,21027Ispra(VA),ItalyE-mail:Maureen.Wood@jrc.ec.europa.euTel.:+390332789140http://ipsc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu/LegalNoticeNeithertheEuropeanCommissionnoranypersonactingonbehalfoftheCommissionisresponsiblefortheusewhichmightbemadeofthispublication.EuropeDirectisaservicetohelpyoufindanswerstoyourquestionsabouttheEuropeanUnionFreephonenumber(*):0080067891011(*)Certainmobiletelephoneoperatorsdonotallowaccessto00800numbersorthesecallsmaybebilled.AgreatdealofadditionalinformationontheEuropeanUnionisavailableontheInternet.ItcanbeaccessedthroughtheEuropaserverhttp://europa.eu/.JRC84661EUR26331ENISBN978-92-79-34652-1(pdf)ISBN978-92-79-34653-8(print)ISSN1831-9424(online)ISNN1018-5593(print)doi:10.2788/37909Luxembourg:PublicationsOfficeoftheEuropeanUnion,2013©EuropeanUnion,2013ReproductionisauthorizedprovidedthesourceisacknowledgedPrintedinItaly.iiiTableofcontentsEXECUTIVESUMMARY..........................................................................................................................1CHAPTER1INTRODUCTIONANDBACKGROUND...........................................................................81.1Background........................................................................................................................121.2AimsoftheStudy...............................................................................................................141.3Corrosionasamajorhazardconcernforthepetroleumrefineryindustry.........................151.4Descriptionofaccidentreportsourcesusedinthestudy...................................................171.5Typeofeventsandconsequencesofaccidents..................................................................22CHAPTER2ANALYSISOFTHEPOTENTIALCONTRIBUTIONOFPROCESSANDEQUIPMENTCONDITIONS302.1Processconditionscontributingtocorrosioninstudycases..............................................312.2Analysisofcasesinassociationwithspecificprocessconditions.......................................342.3Corrosionriskassociatedwithchemicalrefiningprocesses...............................................392.4Involvementofrefineryequipmentincorrosion‐relatedaccidents...................................442.5Frequencythatvariousequipmentvulnerabilitieswerecitedintheaccidentsstudied.....50CHAPTER3ANALYSISOFTHEPOTENTIALCONTRIBUTIONOFRISKMANAGEMENTFAILURES.....573.1Inadequateawarenessoforattentiontoknowncorrosionhazards..................................583.2Failuretoconductanadequatehazardidentificationorriskassessmentforlifecycleplanningandevents........................................................................................................................613.3Inadequateriskanalysisatdesignandconstructionstage.................................................643.4Inadequateriskanalysispriortoachange.........................................................................683.5Inadequateriskanalysisforplanninginspections..............................................................713.6Inadequateid...
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