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Gettingthemessage?Guidanceoncommunicationwww.iosh.co.uk/communicationInformationguideIOSHpublishesarangeoffreetechnicalguidance.Ourguidanceliteratureisdesignedtosupportandinformmembersandmotivateandinfluencesafetyandhealthstakeholders.Gettingthemessage?–guidanceoncommunicationTheaimofthisguideistoprovideoccupationalsafetyandhealth(OSH)practitionerswithabasicunderstandingoftheimportanceofclearcommunicationwithinorganisations.Theguidewillalsobeofinteresttomanagers,directors,HRpersonnelandotherswithaninterestinintra-organisationalcommunication.Startingwithabriefintroductiontothesubject,theguidecovers:-communicationmethods–themaintypes,includingtheirprosandcons-howtoplanacommunicationstrategy–includingsettingobjectives,targetingyouraudienceandevaluatingsuccess-thetypesofcommunicationflow-barrierstocommunicationandhowtoovercomethem-communicatingsafetyandhealthmessages-auditingyourcommunicationsstrategy.IfyouhaveanycommentsorquestionsaboutthisguidepleasecontactResearchandInformationServicesatIOSH:-t+44(0)1162573100-researchandinformation@iosh.co.ukPDFversionsofthisandotherguidesareavailableatwww.iosh.co.uk/freeguides.Ourmaterialsarereviewedatleastonceeverythreeyears.ThisdocumentwasfirstpublishedinMay2015.Contents1Overview022Communicationmethods063Planningacommunicationstrategy144Communicationflow195Communicationbarriers206Makingapositivecaseforsafetyandhealth217Conductinganinternalcommunicationaudit228Conclusion23References24Furtherreading24Listoffigures1Lasswell’smodelofcommunication022Schramm’smodelofcommunication023Simplifiedprocessofcommunication034ThesevenCsofeffectivebusinesscommunication055Flowchartforchoosingthebestcommunicationmethod116Referencechartforidentifyingthepurposeofcommunicationandappropriatemedium(s)117Communicationplantemplate14Casestudies1E.ON’soccupationalhealthstrategy042TamdownGroup’ssafetycampaign083Messagemanagement124NGBailey’spostercampaign18Whatiscommunication?Therearenumerousdefinitionsofcommunicationwithinanorganisationorworkplace.Inthisguideweusethefollowing:‘Communicationisnotsimplythetransmissionofmessages;rather,itisthemutualexchangeofunderstandingandsharedmeaningleadingtoco-operationandbetterpractices.’Communicationisakeyelementinthesuccessofanyworkplacevision,policyorprogramme.It’saninteractiveprocessofexchangingideasandinformation.It’stheheartbeatofanorganisationanditsmanagementfunctions,suchasplanning,organising,directing,managing,staffing,assessingandcontrolling.Foranorganisationtosurviveandfunctioneffectively,theremustbeaconstantflowofoperational,strategicandcorporatecommunicationtoinform,instructandmotivatetargetaudiences,includingowners,management,workforce,clientsandcontractors.Effectivecommunicationisthebloodflowthatkeepstheorganisationalive.Italsoallowsgrowthanddevelopment,andhelpswithanticipating,andrespondingto,changesintheexternalenvironment.CommunicationmodelsHaroldLasswell,1theUSpoliticalscientist,statedthataconvenientwaytodescribeanactofcommunicationistoanswerthefollowingquestions:-Who?-Sayswhat?-Inwhichchannel?-Towhom?-Withwhateffect?Lasswell’smodel(seeFigure1)metwithsomecriticismforbeingaone-waylinearobservationfromthecommunicatortowardstheaudience,lackingtheelementoffeedback,althoughnotallcommunicationrequiresaresponse.Thejournalist,writerandacademic,WilburSchramm,oftenreferredtoasthe‘fatherofcommunications...