InternationalJournalofEngineeringTrendsandTechnology(IJETT)–Volume11Number4-May2014ISSN:2231-5381http://www.ijettjournal.orgPage178FireAccidentsinBuildings–CaseStudiesMrs.Lillygracemurali.P1,Dr.M.M.Vijayalakshmi21ResearchscholarofSathyabamaUniversity,Chennai.TamilNadustate,India2Guide,Sathyabamauniversity,Chennai.TamilNadustate,India.Abstract-Fireaccidentinbuildingsisathreateningonenowaday.Theseaccidentscreateheavylivesandpropertylosses.Tofindthereasons,frequencyandgivingprotectiontoalltypeofbuildingsbecamechallengestotheprofessionals.Inthispaperfourcasestudiesarepresented,thereasonforfireorignitionsource,firespread,reasonsforliveslosses,propertylosses,positionofpassive,activemeasuresareanalyzed;fewspotphotosarealsoincorporated.Solutionsaregivenforeachcasestudybuildings,thecommonneededsolutionsalsogiventoavoidtheaccidentsinfuture.Keywords:1.Combustion–Fire,2.meansofegress–Escaperoutes,3.Compartmentation–thicknessofwallaround,4.Exitwidth–Doorwidth.1.INTRODUCTION.Fireorcombustionistheprocessofburning.Itisachemicalreactioninitiatedbypresenceofheatenergyinwhichasubstancecombineswithoxygenintheairandtheprocessisaccompaniedbyemissionofenergyintheformofheat,lightandsound.Weknowthatthecontinuationoffireneedscontinuoussupplyofheat,fuelandoxygeninthebuildings.Thereforewemustconcentrateaboutthesethreefactors.Thesupplyofoxygeniscommonandcontinuousfromtheatmosphere;FireAccidentisanunplannedorunexpectedeventinthebuildingenvironment.Thesecondfactorof,firecauses,orsourcesofignitioninbuildingsareoftwotypes,thefirstoneishumanerrortypefire,andthesecondoneisappliancestypefire.Thehumanerrortype’sfiresarechildrenplayingwithmatches,rubbishburning,smokingandintentionalfire.Theappliancestypes’firesareelectricalappliances,gasappliances,otherfuelappliances,acetyleneandliquefiedgas,solidfuelappliancesandotherspecifiedcausesfire.Thesurveyandstudyrevealsthathumanerrortypesfirearethemaincausesoffireinthebuildings.Themodernmaterializedsocietyallactivitiesdependsonfuelconsumptionandenergyutilizationbased,mostoftheenergyutilizationprocessesarefirebased.Thisfirebasedactivitieshasbecomethemainsourceoffireaccidentinbuildingsformostofthetime.Thethirdfactoroffuelsupplybasedonthenature,quantityandthearrangementoffireloadorthecombustiblematerials,whichisstoredinsideofthebuilding..Thetypeoffireanditsseverity,spreaddependsonthethermalbehaviourofthecombustmaterialsandthewayitisburning.ThequantityoffuelexpressedintermsoffireloadThefireloadiscalculatedbythesumofcalorificvalueofallcombustiblematerialswiththevolumeofthebuilding.Inpractice,ifthevolumeofthebuildingishighthefireloadisalsowillhighwhichgivesahugethreateningvalue.Thefireloaddistributioniscontinuousinthebuilding,thefirewillbepropagatingfromoneendtotheotherendofthefireload.Fromancientscripturestotilldatefireistheearliestsourceofenergyandgoodfriendofhumanity,ifitisincontrollablelimititisapplicableforallpurposes,butifitisexceedsthecontrollablelimit,itwillbecomeenviousenemyanditwillcreatesheavylivesandpropertylossesinlife.Propertylossisthedirectconsumptionofcombustiblematerialsbyfireflame,butthelivesloseareoccurringnotonlybythefireflamebutalsobyheat,smoke,fumesandothertoxicsubstanceswhicharediscussedhere.1.1liveslosses:Theexcessiveheatduringfireaccidentswillgivedifferentleveldegreeofburning,ifthebodygetsmorethan30%ofburningwoundsthesurvivalpossibilitywi...
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