hazard_identification_and_control_si.pdfVIP专享VIP免费原创优质

Page1of2Revised07/2020OVERVIEWHazardIdentificationisthefoundationofasafeworkplace.Atitsmostbasiclevel,hazardidentificationissimplylookingatajob,taskorasituationandasking,“Isthereanythingherethatcouldhurtsomeoneordamagesomething?”Butwhatifyou’renotquitesurewhattolookfor?Whatisaworkplacehazard?Aworkplacehazardisanypractice,behaviororphysicalconditionthathasthepotentialtocause:injury,illness,damagetoproperty;damagetotheenvironment;orlosstoaprocess.Therearehazardsineverytypeofjobandeverytypeofworkplace.Everyoneattheworkplace:workers,managersandtheemployer,shareintheresponsibilitytoidentifyandcontrolhazards.Ahazardcannotbecontrolled(i.e.eliminated,reduced,orotherwisemanaged)untilithasbeenidentified.HAZARDIDENTIFICATIONTOOLSTherearemanystandardhazardidentificationtoolsthatcanhelptodocumentthehazardidentificationandcontrolprocesses.RefertotheAdditionalResourcessectionattheendofthisdocumentforspecificexamples.InspectionChecklistsarebestforensuringcompliancewithregulations,rulesandpolicies.PersonalProtectiveEquipment(PPE)AssessmentformsareavaluablecommunicationtoolforteachingemployeeswhatPPEtheyneedtoweartoperformtheirworksafely.Pre-taskplanning(PTP),valuablewhenproceduresandconditionschangefrequently,isoftenusedasaremindertoemployeesoftherisksassociatedwiththeoperationstheywillperformduringaparticulartimeframe.JobHazardAnalysis,oftenreferredtoasaJobSafetyAnalysis(JSA),isanimportantaccidentpreventiontoolthatworksbyidentifyingexistingand/orpotentialhazardsassociatedwithaparticularjob.JOBHAZARDANALYSIS(JHA)AJHAworksbyfindinghazardsandeliminatingorminimizingthembeforethejobisperformedandbeforetheemployeehasachancetobecomeinjured.UseyourJHAforjobclarificationandhazardawareness;asaguideinnewemployeetraining,forperiodiccontactsandretrainingofsenioremployees,asarefresherforinfrequenttasks,asanaccidentinvestigationtool,andforinformingemployeesofspecificjobhazardsandappropriateprotectivemeasures.ConductingtheJHAusingtheOSUJHAWorksheetisarelativelysimpleprocessthatinvolvesthefollowingthreebasicsteps:1.DeterminethevariousTasksthattheemployeewillperform.2.IdentifythePotentialHazardsassociatedwitheachtask.3.DeterminewhichControlsarenecessarytominimizeoreliminatethepotentialhazards.TypesofHazardsintheWorkplaceFallsImpacts–eitherStruckbyorStruckagainst.Mechanical–thesehazardsresultincaught-in,caught-onandcrushincidentswithamechanismofinjuryaseither:oMotions:rotating,reciprocatingandtransverse.oActions:cutting,shearing,bendingandpunching.VibrationandNoise–bothhighandlowfrequencyvibration.Toxics–Therearefourroutesofentry:oInhalation:breathingtoxicsin.oIngestion:eatingordrinking.oAbsorption:throughtheskin.oInjection:needlesandothersharpobjects.HazardIdentificationandControlFactSheetENVIRONMENTALHEALTH&SAFETYContactEHS:www.ehs.oregonstate.eduehs@oregonstate.edu541•737•2273Page2of2Revised07/2020HeatandTemperature–maybeduetoexamplessuchas:otheenvironment,ochemicalreactions,ocombustion,oelectricalcurrent,andomechanicalmotion.Flammability/FireExplosives–includingchemicals,dusts,solids,vapors,gasesandequipment.PressureHazards–includingrupturedcylinders,whippinghosesandlinesandwaterhammer.ElectricalContact–includingshock,ignitionofcombustibles,overheatingofequipment,arcflashandinadvertentactivationofequipment.CONTROLLINGHAZARDSTherearetwoprimarycontrolstrategies;ControltheHazardandControlExposuretotheHazard.ThesetwostrategiesarecommonlyaddressedthroughtheHierarchyofControls.TheHierarchyofControlscanbearrangedintoseveraldifferentgroupings.Generallyspeaking,andwhenfeasible,controllingthehazardismoreeffectivethancontrollingtheexposure.HazardControlElimination–Physicallyremovingthehazardfromtheworkplaceisthemosteffectivehazardcontrol.Nohazard=norisk.Substitution–Similartoelimination,substitutioninvolvesreplacingahazardwithsomethinglesshazardous.Engineering–Theworkplaceisdesignedtophysicallyisolatepeoplefromthehazards.Examplesinclude:oenclosures,obarriers,oguarding,obaffles,andorelocation.ExposureControlAdministrative–AlsoreferredtoasManagementorWorkPracticeControls,thesearechangestothewaypeoplework.Examplesinclude:oprocedurechanges,oemployeetraining,andoinstallationofsignsandwarninglabels.PersonalProtectiveEquipment(PPE)–ThisistheleasteffectivemeansofcontrollinghazardsbecausetherearemanyfactorsthatcanrenderthePPEineffective.PPEshouldalwaysbeconsideredthelastlineofdefenseandnotthemainorprimarystrategyforcontrol.Wheneverpossible,controlsshouldbeadoptedthatminimizetherelianceuponPPEforworkerprotection.ADDITIONALRESOURCESSAIF(OSU’sworkers'compensationinsurancecarrier)EffectiveHazardRecognitionandControlControllingHealth&SafetyHazardsPPEHazardAssessmentCertificationFormPre-taskPlanningWorksheetOR-OSHAHazardIdentificationandControlWorkbookJobHazardAnalysis(JHA)WorkbookQuickGuide–PPEHazardAssessmentOnlineCourses/CurrentWorkshops