©QualityManagement&TrainingLimitedAllrightsreserved20081MINIGUIDETOROOTCAUSEANALYSISByGeoffVorleyMSc.MCQIPublishedbyQualityManagement&Training(Publications)LtdPOBox172GuildfordSurreyUnitedKingdomGU27FNW:www.qmt.co.ukE:help@qmt.co.ukT:00441483453511F:00441483453512©QualityManagement&TrainingLimited2008©QualityManagement&TrainingLimitedAllrightsreserved20082MINIGUIDETOROOTCAUSEANALYSISContents:1)Introduction..................................................32)WhycompleteRootCauseAnalysis?.................43)QM&TapproachtoRCA...................................54)PracticalguidetocarryingoutanRCA..............65)RCATools&Techniques..................................76)LookuptableforcompletinganRCA..............137)ExamplesRCA’s...........................................148)HintsandTips.............................................149)12PitfallsofRCA.........................................14MINIGUIDETOROOTCAUSEANALYSIS©QualityManagement&TrainingLimitedAllrightsreserved200831)IntroductionRootCauseAnalysis(RCA)isamethodthatisusedtoaddressaproblemornon-conformance,inordertogettothe“rootcause”oftheproblem.Itisusedsowecancorrectoreliminatethecause,andpreventtheproblemfromrecurring.Itisnot“rocketscience”–anyonecandoit.Youprobablydoitonadaytodaybasiswithoutthinkingaboutit.RCAissimplytheapplicationofaseriesofwellknown,commonsensetechniqueswhichcanproduceasystematic,quantifiedanddocumentedapproachtotheidentification,understandingandresolutionofunderlyingcauses.Belowareanumberofdefinitionswhichencapsulatesthemainpointsofthistechnique:“Anobjective,thoroughanddisciplinedmethodologyemployedtodeterminethemostprobableunderlyingcausesofproblems,complaintsandundesiredeventswithinanorganization,withtheaimofformulatingandagreeingcorrectiveactionstoatleastmitigate,ifnoteliminate,thosecausesandsoproducesignificantlongtermperformanceimprovement.”-Vorley&Tickle,QM&T,2002“Apowerfultoolusedtoidentify,recordandvisuallyrepresentthepossiblecausesofaproblem”Insteadofproblemsandtheireffectsappearingvastandinsoluble,rootcauseanalysisbreaksdowntheproblemintosmaller,moreeasilyhandledchunksrepresentedbya‘fishbone’diagram”.-PaulWilsonRCA(ASQC)“Theinvestigationandreportingthecausesofoccurrencestoenabletheidentificationofcorrectiveactionsadequatetopreventrecurrenceandtherebyprotectthehealthandsafetyofthepublic,theworkers,andtheenvironment.”-RCAGuidancedocumentDOEGuidelines,Feb92DefinetheProblemIdentifytheProblemUnderstandtheproblemIdentifytherootcauseCorrectiveactionMonitorthesystemMINIGUIDETOROOTCAUSEANALYSIS©QualityManagement&TrainingLimitedAllrightsreserved200842)WhycompleteRootCauseAnalysis?Organizationsoftenrespondtoproblemswithshort-termsolutions.However,constantlyrelyingonquickfixesrequiresstafftorepeatthesametasksoverandoveragain,allwhilemaintainingthestatusquo.Focusingonshort-termsolutionsisnotarecipeforincreasedprofitabilityandorganizationalgrowth.Whenpeoplespendalotoftimeputtingoutfiresintheworkplace,thereisanillusionofindustry;lotsofbusypeoplecompletinglotsoftasks.Workingharderandfaster,weallowtheenvironment’senergyandrhythmtoseduceusintobelievingwe’redoingourbesttoincreaseproductivityandefficiency.Butthelawofdiminishingreturnsapplieshere.However,youcanimproveefficiencybytakingtimetothinkthroughproblemsfromfirstprinciples,andthentacklingthecausesratherthantheeffects.Toimproveeffi...
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