Fundamentals of safety and accident prevention.pdfVIP专享VIP免费原创优质

FUNDAMENTALSOFSAFETYANDACCIDENTPREVENTIONBYR.K.SHARMABSc,BE(FIRE),MBA(HRM),PDIS,NEBOSH(IGC)MANAGER(FIRE&SAFETY)IFFCOKALOLUNIT“IamastudentofwhoeverIcanlearnfrom.Idon’tseemyselfinpositionlikeI’MaboveanybodyelseandIcanneverlearnornoonecaneverteachmeanything……’’"Theonlythingthatinterfereswithmylearningismyeducation."“Theilliteratesof21stcenturywillnotbethosewhocan’tread,writeorexpressbutthosewhocannotlearn,unlearnandrelearn……’’R.K.SHARMASAFETYFIRSTAAIYESURAKSHAKASHRIGANESHKAREINThreeessentialingredientsinanyOrganization.Man,MachineMaterialTheseformthreeangleofatrianglewithManagementatcentertocontrolthem.Itisessentialthatthistriangleisanequilateraltriangle,maintainingtheessentialequilibrium.R.K.SHARMAMANAGEMENTMANMACHINEMATERIALAMachinecanbeprogrammed,MaterialflowcanbecontrolledbutMancannotbeprogrammedorcontrolledindemocracylikeus.R.K.SHARMA“Toexposetodanger,risk,chanceofaccidents,loss”Ahazardisanysourceofpotentialdamage,harmoradversehealtheffectsonsomethingorsomeoneundercertainconditionsatwork."Condition,event,orcircumstancethatcouldleadtoorcontributetoanunplannedorundesirableevent."Table1ExamplesofHazardsandTheirEffectsWorkplaceHazardExampleofHazardExampleofHarmCausedThingKnifeCutSubstanceBenzeneLeukemiaMaterialAsbestosMesotheliomaSourceofEnergyElectricityShock,electrocutionConditionWetfloorSlips,fallsProcessWeldingMetalfumefeverPracticeHardrockminingSilicosisTypesofHazardPhysicalChemicalBiologicalErgonomicsPhysicalHazardsNoiseVibrationRadiationTemperaturePressure,Velocity,HeightElectricityPhysicalcharacteristicsExplosivesFlammableliquidsCorrosivesOxidizingmaterialsToxic,carcinogenic,substancesGasesandairparticulateChemicalHazardsBiologicalwastes(blood,fluids,etc.)Drugs(antibiotics&others)Viruses,bacteriaParasites,insectsPoisonousordiseasedplants,animalsBiologicalHazardsPhysicalEnvironmentalPsycho-SocialErgonomicHazardsPhysicalPoorwork,taskdesignRepetitivemotionProlongedsittingPoorlayoutPoorpostureImproperliftingandhandlingErgonomicHazardsEnvironmentalPoorlighting,glarePoorventilationPoortemperaturecontrolPoorhumiditycontrolErgonomicHazardsErgonomicHazardsPsycho-socialWorkrestcyclesViolence,discriminationExtraneousstressUnevenworkloadLackofpersonnelspacePoorinterstaffrelationships“Apossibilityofdangerorharm”Whatisrisk?Riskisthechanceorprobabilitythatapersonwillbeharmedorexperienceanadversehealtheffectifexposedtoahazard.Itmayalsoapplytosituationswithpropertyorequipmentloss.ASimpleRiskAssessmentR=(P)x(S)R=RiskP=Probabilityofoccurrence/LikelihoodS=Severityofeffect(consequence)DifferencebetweenRisk&HazardTheterm"risk"isoftenconfusedwith"hazard".Ahighvoltagepowersupply,asampleofradioactivematerial,oratoxicchemicalmaypresentahazard,meaningthattheypresentthepotentialforharm.Riskindicatesprobabilityofhazardcausingtheharm.Itisthusevidentthathazardsaresomethingwecandolittleabout.Thehazardsposedbyacarcinogen,aconcentratedacidoranexplosivesubstanceareinherentpropertiesofthematerial.Theriskstheypose,however,canbe(andshouldbe!)minimizedbyinitiallypreparingasuitableriskassessment,andthenbyfollowingtheprocedureslaiddowninthatassessment.Aqualityorconditionofbeingsafefrom“danger,Injury,damage,loss,accidents”WHATISSAFETY?ISITFREEDOMFROMACCIDENTS??ISITREDUCTIONOFACCIDENTS??ISITALLABOUTCOMPLIAN...