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HealthandSafetyExecutiveSafetyandenvironmentalstandardsforfuelstoragesitesProcessSafetyLeadershipGroupFinalreportHealthandSafetyExecutiveHSEBooksSafetyandenvironmentalstandardsforfuelstoragesitesProcessSafetyLeadershipGroupFinalreport©Crowncopyright2009Firstpublished2009ISBN9780717663866Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans(electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise)withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthecopyrightowner.Applicationsforreproductionshouldbemadeinwritingto:TheOfficeofPublicSectorInformation,InformationPolicyTeam,Kew,Richmond,SurreyTW94DUore-mail:licensing@opsi.gov.ukSafetyandenvironmentalstandardsforfuelstoragesitesFinalreport4SafetyandenvironmentalstandardsforfuelstoragesitesFinalreport5Foreword7Introduction9Scopeandapplication11Summaryofactionsrequired14Part1Systematicassessmentofsafetyintegritylevelrequirements22Part2Protectingagainstlossofprimarycontainmentusinghighintegritysystems25Part3Engineeringagainstescalationoflossofprimarycontainment37Part4Engineeringagainstlossofsecondaryandtertiarycontainment42Part5Operatingwithhighreliabilityorganisations62Part6Deliveringhighperformancethroughcultureandleadership64Conclusion66AppendicesAppendix1Mechanismsandpotentialsubstancesinvolvedinvapourcloudformation67Appendix2Guidanceontheapplicationoflayerofprotectionanalysis(LOPA)totheoverflowofanatmosphericstoragetank82Appendix3Guidanceondefiningtankcapacity125Appendix4Guidanceonautomaticoverfillprotectionsystemsforbulkgasolinestoragetanks129Appendix5Guidanceforthemanagementofoperationsandhumanfactors142Appendix6Emergencyplanningguidance197Appendix7Principlesofprocesssafetyleadership244Appendix8ProcessSafetyForum:Governanceandtermsofreference247Appendix9BSTGreportcrossreference249Appendix10Acknowledgements252References256Abbreviations264Furtherinformation267ContentsSafetyandenvironmentalstandardsforfuelstoragesitesFinalreport6SafetyandenvironmentalstandardsforfuelstoragesitesFinalreport7TherecentTexasCityandBuncefieldincidentshavemovedindustryandregulatorsbeyondthepurescienceandengineeringresponsestodevelopwaystopreventarecurrence.Theyhavecausedustoalsocriticallyexaminetheleadershipissuesassociatedwithdeliveringwhathastobeexcellentoperationandmaintenanceofhigh-hazardprocesses.Theresponsesbyindustryandregulatorstotheseincidents,andtherecommendationsarisingfromtheirinvestigations,areessentialtoensuringtheyneverhappenagain.Suchresponsesneedtobeeffectiveandmeasured,requiringadialoguebetweenindustryandthecommunitytodeterminethebalancebetweenriskprevention,theviabilityoftheoperationsandtheirvaluetosociety.Inthisregardtheregulatorsaretheeffectiverepresentativesandarbitersforsociety.TheformationoftheProcessSafetyLeadershipGroup(PSLG)inSeptember2007wasdesignedtomeettheneedforaneffectiveframeworkforinteractionbetweenindustry,tradeunionsandtheCOMAHCompetentAuthority(CA);aframeworkinwhichtheycouldcarryoutadialoguetojointlydevelop,progressandimplementmeaningful,effectiverecommendationsandpracticesthatimprovesafetyinourindustries.PSLGmembershipconsistedofseniorrepresentativesoftherelevanttradeassociations,theCAandtradeunions.ItbuiltontheworkoftheBuncefieldStandardsTaskGroup(BSTG),setupin2006totranslatethelessonslearnedfromthatincidentintoeffectiveandpracticalguidancethattheindustrycouldimpl...