d033_managing_solvent_exposure_esig.pdfVIP专享VIP免费原创优质

BESTPRACTICEGUIDELINESGuidetoManagingSolventExposureEuropeanolventsIndustryHydrocarbon&OxygenatedSolventswww.esig.org2TABLEOFCONTENTS1Introduction2Healtheffectsofsolvents2Hazard,exposure&riskThebasisoftheapproach3Theriskassessment&controlprocedure4Groupingofsolvents6Solventgroupsforhydrocarbon&oxygenatedsolventsbasedoninhalationhazard7Definitionofcontrolaproach9Selectionofspecificcontrolmeasures11Examplesofequipment/ventilationdesignforcommonactivitiesinvolvingsolvents13Casestudies14Keymessages17Appendix1:Riskphrasesthatcanrelatetosolvents18Appendix2:Determinationofhowreadilyasolventformsavapour19Appendix3:Glossary202INTRODUCTIONThisdocumentisoneofaseriesof'BestPracticeGuidelines'publishedbytheEuropeanSolventsIndustryGroup(ESIG).Itaimstoassistsolventusers,particularlySmallandMediumSizeEnterprises(SMEs),inusingbothhydrocarbonandoxygenatedsolventssafely.Thisguideisaimedatmanagingsolventexposureinrelationtotheinhalationofvapour,anddoesnotcoverotherhealth,safetyandenvironmentalimpact.However,itisstandardindustrypracticetominimiseskinandeyecontact,andtoensurethesafeandenvirommentallysounduseofsolvents.TheapproachdescribedisbasedonarecentUKHealthandSafetyExecutiveinitiative1,althoughsomechangeshavebeenintroducedtoadapttheschemespecificallyforsolvents.Theapproachrepresentsabasicbuteffectivewayofdefin-ingthemeasuresrequiredtocontrolexposureduringsolventuseviaasimpleriskassessmentpro-cedure.Specialistknowledgeisnotrequiredtousetheapproach.Usersshouldconfirmthatcon-clusionsmeetspecificnationalregulatoryrequirements.TheoverallriskassessmentandcontrolprocessisshowninFigure1.Theshadedareaindicatestheriskassessmentprocedure.Theroleofmeasuringsolventvapourconcentrations,whichwasthesub-jectofapreviousESIGBestPracticeGuideline2isalsoshown.Exposuretosolventscanoccurviacontactoftheliquidwiththeskinoreyes,orinhalationofvapourormist.Skincontactcanleadtoabsorptionthroughtheskin:orwithrepeatedorpro-longedexposurecanincreasethepotentialfordefatting,whichmayresultindermatitis.Inhalationofsolventvapourcancauserespiratorytractirritation,effectsonthenervoussystem,suchasdizzinessandheadaches,whilstveryhighexposuresmaycauseunconsciousnessandevendeath.However,theselectionanduseofappropriatecontrolsallowssolventstobeusedsafelyandwithconfidence.HEALTHEFFECTSOFSOLVENTS1COSHHEssentials(1999)UKHealth&SafetyExecutive2ESIGMeasuringSolventVapourConcentrationsintheWorkEnvironment(1998)3HAZARD,EXPOSURE&RISKTHEBASISOFTHEAPPROACHHAZARDisthepotentialofasubstancetocauseanadversehealtheffect.ThemostcommonEXPOSUREroutesforsolventsareinhalationofvapourandskincontactwithliquids.RISKisthechanceofanadverseeffectoccurringundertheactualconditionsofuseandisthereforeafunctionofbothHAZARDandEXPOSUREi.e.:RISK=function[(HAZARD)x(EXPOSURE)]ConsequentlytheRISKcanbecontrolledbyreducingtheHAZARD(e.g.bytheuseofalesshazardoussolvent)ortheEXPOSURE,orboth.Commonlyusedsolventsaredividedintothreegroups.Groupingisbasedfundamentallyontheirrecognisedhealthhazards,relatingtotheinhalationofvapour.However,finaljudgementhasbeenmadeusingtheexpertiseofindustrytoxicologists.Thepotentialforexposuretovapourcanbeestimatedfromhowreadilythesolventformsavapour,andtheamountwhichisused.However,evenifthesolventdoesnotreadilyformavapour,itmaystillpresentarisktohealthifitisharmfulatlowconcentrationsinairormaybeabsorbedthroughtheskininharmfulamounts.Basedont...