[14076179 - Transport and Telecommunication Journal] Risk and Damage Assessment for Transportation of Dangerous Freight.pdfVIP专享VIP免费原创优质

TransportandTelecommunicationVol.19,no.4,2018356TransportandTelecommunication,2018,volume19,no.4,356–363TransportandTelecommunicationInstitute,Lomonosova1,Riga,LV-1019,LatviaDOI10.2478/ttj-2018-0030RISKANDDAMAGEASSESSMENTFORTRANSPORTATIONOFDANGEROUSFREIGHTNijolėBatarlienėVilniusGediminasTechnicalUniversityFacultyofTransportEngineering,DepartmentofLogisticsandTransportManagementPlytinesStreet27,LT-10105Vilnius,Lithuanianijole.batarliene@vgtu.ltThearticleprovidesinformationontransportationofdangerousfreight.LegalactsregulatingtransportationofDangerousfreightarediscussed.Majorproblemsandnon-complianceswithTheEuropeanAgreementconcerningInternationalCarriageofDangerousGoodsbyRoad(ADR)aredistinguished.Thetypeofriskthatoneencountersisanalysed,aswellaswhoistotakeresponsibilityfortransportationofdangerousfreight.Transportaccidentsofdangeroussubstancesareincreasinglyfrequentandcancauseseriousinjuriesininhabitedareasorpollutionoftheenvironment.Forquantitativeriskassessmentandmitigationplanning,consequencecalculationsarenecessary.Theaimofthisarticleistopresentmethodsofthefirstapproachforcalculatingcostsandoverallexpensesofanaccidentandtodemonstratethemainrecommendationsforthenextdevelopmentstageintheareaoftransportaccidentmodelling.Bythemeansofriskassessmentmodels,itispossibletocalculatetheextentoftheconsequencesandreducetherisksduringtheprocessoftransportation.BasedonTechnologyofDangerousFreightTransportation,theaccidentcalculationprinciplesaresuggested,whichenablestoassessthecostsandtofindageneralizedaccidentrate.Thecalculationresultsareprovided.Keywords:dangerousfreight,transportation,safety,roadtransport,risk1.IntroductionThousandsoftonsofdangeroussubstancesthatmayexplode,causespillageorotherwiseposeathreattotheenvironment,humanhealthandevenpropertyaretransportedthroughvariouscountries’territoriesastransitgoodsandinsideofthecountry.Approximately25percentofthetransportedfreightaredangerous(Basicfigures...2016).Transportationofdangerousfreightisoneofthemostcomplicatedareasoffreighttransportation,thatrequiresthemostsafetymeasuresandmaynegativelyaffectenvironment,humanhealthandmaterialpossessions.Themajorityofdangerousfreightaretransportedbyroadorrailroadtransport(Batarlienė,2008).Accidentsduringthetransportationofdangerousfreightoftenhaveseriousconsequences:thesocio-economiccostofatankeraccidentmaybetwiceashighasthatofa"normal"goods-transportaccidentduetothehazardousfreightescapingandtheenvironmentaldamagecausedbythis.However,comparedwiththeaccidentoccurrenceinthetransportationofgeneralgoods,accidentsinvolvingdangerousfreightarerare:aroundeightoutof1,000personalinjuryaccidentsinvolvingagoodsvehicleareclassifiedasaccidentsinvolvingdangerousfreight.Agreatnumberofproductionenterprisesfacestransportationofdangerousfreightsincehazardousmaterialsarerealizedintheproductionprocesses.Hazardousmaterialsareoftenproducedandappliedawayfromtheirplaceofproduction.Increasingflowofthematerialscontributetotheprocurementofrawmaterialsandrealizationofproductiontothecustomers.Therefore,itisnecessarytoensuresafemovementofdangerousfreightatnationalandinternationallevels.2.LiteraturereviewTheauthorsS.GhazinooryandA.Kheirkhah(2008)confirmthatdangerousmaterialsarecontinuouslymovedbetweenallcountries.Thesemovementsarenaturallydangerousasthereleaseofhazardoussubstancesasaresultofanaccidentcanleadtodeath...