Case Studies of Major Industrial Accidents (final)_1 (1).pdfVIP专享VIP免费原创优质

CaseStudiesofMajorIndustrialAccidentsCausingPollutionintheEuropeanUnionValerieFoglemanConsultant,Stevens&BoltonLLPProfessorofLaw,CardiffUniversityMonday,November19,2012©2012Stevens&Bolton.Allrightsreserved.Page2TopicsTerminologyNaturalhazardsandindustrialaccidentsRecentindustrialaccidentscausingpollutionintheEUCasestudies–Buncefield,England–Aznacóllar,Spain,–AZF,Toulouse,FranceConclusionsMonday,November19,2012©2012Stevens&Bolton.Allrightsreserved.Page3TerminologyIndustrialaccidents(oftencalledtechnologicalaccidents)*–Toxicspillsfromminingactivities–Industrialaccidents(non-mining)–Oilspills–Transport-relatedaccidentsTraditionaldamage–Bodilyinjury;propertydamageandeconomicloss(alsocalledmaterialdamage)Environmentaldamage–Preventionandremediationofdamagetonaturalresources*Mainsourceofstatistics:EuropeanEnvironmentAgency,MappingtheimpactsofnaturalhazardsandtechnologicalaccidentsinEurope;Anoverviewofthelastdecade(No.13/2010)Monday,November19,2012©2012Stevens&Bolton.Allrightsreserved.Page4NaturalhazardsNumbersof,andoveralllossesfrom,significantnaturalhazardsinEurope1998-2009(number;lossesin€billion)–Floods(213;52173)–Storms(155;44338)–Earthquakes(46;29205)–Extremetemperatureevents(101;9962)–Forestfires(35;6917)–Drought(8;4940)–Avalanches(8;0742)–Landslides(9;0551)–Volcanoes(1;0004)Monday,November19,2012©2012Stevens&Bolton.Allrightsreserved.Page5IndustrialaccidentsNumbersofmajorindustrialaccidentsinEurope1998-2009–Toxicspillsfromminingactivities(4)–Non-miningaccidents(339)–Oilspills(9)–Transportrelatedaccidents(figuresnotavailable)Note–Overlapsinabovecategories,eg,oilspills–Comprehensivedataonoveralllossesnotavailable–WidevariationinestimatedlossesdependingonsourceMonday,November19,2012©2012Stevens&Bolton.Allrightsreserved.Page6Naturalhazardstriggeringtechnologicalaccidents(NATECH)Nocentralsourceoffiguresfornumbersof,andoveralllossesfrom,majorNATECHinEuropeExample–EarthquakeatIzmit,Turkeyon17August1999–About17500deaths–About44000peopleinjured–Over$15billion(€18m)propertydamageMonday,November19,2012©2012Stevens&Bolton.Allrightsreserved.Page7Naturalhazardstriggeringtechnologicalaccidents(NATECH)Izmitearthquake–triggered21industrialaccidentsincluding–Fireatrefinerythatburnedfor5daysandcausedoilandfirefightingwatertopollutethesurroundingareaandsea–costsforremediatingenvironmentaldamageabout$57.8m(€72.2m),95%ofwhichwasinsured–Spillof6500tonnesofacrylonitrile,atoxicsubstancefromanacrylicfibreproductionfacility–27workerspoisonedininitialresponse;animals,plantsandvegetationnearfacilitydestroyed;manylong-terminjuriesincludingcancer;widespreadenvironmentaldamage,especiallytogroundwaterMonday,November19,2012©2012Stevens&Bolton.Allrightsreserved.Page8ToxicspillsfrommininganddownstreamprocessesMajortoxicspillsfromminingactivitiesinEurope1998-2010Aznacóllar,Spain(April1998)–DamfailureBaiaMare,Romania(January2000)–DamfailureAude/Malvesi,France(March2004)–DamfailureBorsa,Romania(November2005)–Accidentalreleaseof300m³ofcyanidesolutionintoriverKolontár,Hungary(October2010)–DamfailureMonday,November19,2012©2012Stevens&Bolton.Allrightsreserved.Page9Industrialaccidents(non-mining)Numbersof,andlossesfrom,majornon-miningindustrialaccidentsinEurope1998-2009–339majoraccidentsreportedtoMajorAccidentReportingS...