BasicPrinciplesontheUseofForceandFirearmsbyLawEnforcementOfficialsAdoptedbytheEighthUnitedNationsCongressonthePreventionofCrimeandtheTreatmentofOffenders,Havana,Cuba,27Augustto7September1990Whereastheworkoflawenforcementofficials1isasocialserviceofgreatimportanceandthereis,therefore,aneedtomaintainand,whenevernecessary,toimprovetheworkingconditionsandstatusoftheseofficials,Whereasathreattothelifeandsafetyoflawenforcementofficialsmustbeseenasathreattothestabilityofsocietyasawhole,Whereaslawenforcementofficialshaveavitalroleintheprotectionoftherighttolife,libertyandsecurityoftheperson,asguaranteedintheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRightsandreaffirmedintheInternationalCovenantonCivilandPoliticalRights,WhereastheStandardMinimumRulesfortheTreatmentofPrisonersprovideforthecircumstancesinwhichprisonofficialsmayuseforceinthecourseoftheirduties,Whereasarticle3oftheCodeofConductforLawEnforcementOfficialsprovidesthatlawenforcementofficialsmayuseforceonlywhenstrictlynecessaryandtotheextentrequiredfortheperformanceoftheirduty,WhereasthepreparatorymeetingfortheSeventhUnitedNationsCongressonthePreventionofCrimeandtheTreatmentofOffenders,heldatVarenna,Italy,agreedonelementstobeconsideredinthecourseoffurtherworkonrestraintsontheuseofforceandfirearmsbylawenforcementofficials,WhereastheSeventhCongress,initsresolution14,interalia,emphasizesthattheuseofforceandfirearmsbylawenforcementofficialsshouldbecommensuratewithduerespectforhumanrights,WhereastheEconomicandSocialCouncil,initsresolution1986/10,sectionIX,of21May1986,invitedMemberStatestopayparticularattentionintheimplementationoftheCodetotheuseofforceandfirearmsbylawenforcementofficials,andtheGeneralAssembly,initsresolution41/149of4December1986,interalia,welcomedthisrecommendationmadebytheCouncil,Whereasitisappropriatethat,withdueregardtotheirpersonalsafety,considerationbegiventotheroleoflawenforcementofficialsinrelationtotheadministrationofjustice,totheprotectionoftherighttolife,libertyandsecurityoftheperson,totheirresponsibilitytomaintainpublicsafetyandsocialpeaceandtotheimportanceoftheirqualifications,trainingandconduct,Thebasicprinciplessetforthbelow,whichhavebeenformulatedtoassistMemberStatesintheirtaskofensuringandpromotingtheproperroleoflawenforcementofficials,shouldbetakenintoaccountandrespectedbyGovernmentswithintheframeworkoftheirnationallegislationandpractice,andbebroughttotheattentionoflawenforcementofficialsaswellasotherpersons,suchasjudges,prosecutors,lawyers,membersoftheexecutivebranchandthelegislature,andthepublic.Generalprovisions1.Governmentsandlawenforcementagenciesshalladoptandimplementrulesandregulationsontheuseofforceandfirearmsagainstpersonsbylawenforcementofficials.Indevelopingsuchrulesandregulations,Governmentsandlawenforcementagenciesshallkeeptheethicalissuesassociatedwiththeuseofforceandfirearmsconstantlyunderreview.2.Governmentsandlawenforcementagenciesshoulddeveloparangeofmeansasbroadaspossibleandequiplawenforcementofficialswithvarioustypesofweaponsandammunitionthatwouldallow2foradifferentiateduseofforceandfirearms.Theseshouldincludethedevelopmentofnon-lethalincapacitatingweaponsforuseinappropriatesituations,withaviewtoincreasinglyrestrainingtheapplicationofmeanscapableofcausingdeathorinjurytopersons.Forthesamepurpose,itshouldalsobepossibleforlawenforcementofficialstobeequippedwithself-defensiveequipmentsuchassh...
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