143966_HSE_Human_Factors_01-12_Full_set_of_notes.pdfVIP专享VIP免费原创优质

-1-HSEHumanFactorsBriefingNoteNo.1IntroducingHumanFactorsCasestudyInJanuary2001,anaccidentatalowertierCOMAHsiteledtoseveraltonnesofphenolbeingreleasedintoabund.Theoperatorssettinguptheprocessmadeanerrorandlaterintheoperation,atankoutletinadvertentlyclosed.Thephenolthenoverflowedfromthetank.Noonewasinjured,butthecostinlossofmaterials,lostproductionandrecoveryofthephenolwas£39,800.Investigationsfoundthatthesystemforcontrollingpumpsandvalveswasbadlydesignedandpronetohumanerror.Phenolisapoisonthatisabsorbedthroughtheskin.Itwasonlyluckthatnoonewasinjuredintheincidentbecausenoonewasneartheleakingtank.Source:HSEwebsitewww.hse.gov.uk/comah/index.htmTThisincidentshowsthat,wheneverpeopleusecontrolsystems–whetherbyturningvalves,usingpushbuttonsorakeyboard-ifthosesystemsarepoorlydesignedthentheoperatorcouldmakeanerror.Poordesigninthiswayisoneexampleofa‘HumanFactors’problem.Wewanttomakesurethatcompaniesdoasmuchastheycantopreventeverydayaccidentsandinjuries-forexampleslips,tripsandfalls.But,weareparticularlyconcernedthattheypreventmajorhazardaccidents:thosethatcouldinjurealargenumberofpeople,onandoffthesite.Sincehumanfailuresareresponsibleforupto80%ofalltypesofaccidentandfigureinalmosteverymajoraccidentitisimportanttoreducethosefailuresasmuchaspossible.Westronglybelievethatapplyinghumanfactorsmethodshelpstoreduceaccidents.FromrecentsiteinspectionsandassessmentofsafetyreportsatCOMAHsites,webelievethatalargenumberofcompaniesneedtolookmorecloselyathumanfactorsissues.WeknowthatthereispotentialforsignificanthumanfactorsproblemsatmostCOMAHsites,andwewanttoencourageallcompaniestofindoutmoreaboutthisimportanttopicarea,andtoapplythatknowledgeinastructuredandrigorouswaytotheirkeysafetycriticalactivities.Aspartofourstrategy,weareprovidinginformationandguidanceandwillwanttoensurethatmanagersareapplyingthatinformation.This‘BriefingNote’istheintroductiontoaseriesof12andit:•ExplainswhatHumanFactorsare;•Givesexamplesofhumanfactorsproblemsincompanieslikeyours;and•Describeswhatcanbedonetohelpsolvethoseproblems.-2-Moreinformation,helpandguidanceTheotherbriefingnotes(2-12)areonHumanFactorssubjectsthatHSEbelieveneedparticularattentiononmajorhazardsites:2.Competence3.HumansandRisk(integrationofhumanfactorsintoriskassessmentsandaccidentinvestigation)4.Writtenprocedures5.EmergencyResponse6.Maintenance7.Safetyculture8.Safety-criticalcommunications9.Alarmhandlingandcontrolroomdesign10.Fatigue11.Organisationalchangeandtransitionmanagement12.HumanFactorsandtheMajorAccidentPreventionPolicy(MAPP)HumanfactorschecklistThislistdoesn’tcovereveryaspectofhumanfactorsbutwillgiveyouanideaofwhatisinvolved.Itincludessafetymanagementfactors.Ifyoucantickmostoftheboxes,thenyourcompanyisprobablydealingwithhumanfactorsandsafetycultureissuesquitewell.…buteverycompanycanimprove.Forallthejobsdoneonthissite,thiscompanyusually:�Choosesthemostskilledpeopletodothework,eitherourownpeopleorcontractors(B’Note2)��Givespeopleinterestingandvariedworkwithoutoverloadingthem��Arrangesforworktobedoneinteamsifthat’sthebestapproach(2and3)��Takescarethattheworkingenvironmentisnottoohotorcoldoruncomfortable(3and10)��Keepsnoiselevelsdowntohelpcommunicationsandconcentration(9)��Providesgoodlighting(9)��Arrangesreasonableworkinghours,mealandrestbreaks(10)��Makessurethatthere’senoughroomtoworkin,thatis,nottoocrampedorconfin...