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CURRENTSTRATEGIESFORENGINEERINGCONTROLSINDEPARTMENTOFHEALTHANDHUMANSERVICESCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionNationalInstituteforOccupationalSafetyandHealthNanomaterialProductionandDownstreamHandlingProcessesiiCurrentStrategiesforEngineeringControlsinNanomaterialProductionandDownstreamHandlingProcessesThisdocumentisinthepublicdomainandmaybefreelycopiedorreprinted.DisclaimerMentionofanycompanyorproductdoesnotconstituteendorsementbytheNationalInstituteforOccupationalSafetyandHealth(NIOSH).Inaddition,citationstoWebsitesexternaltoNIOSHdonotconstituteNIOSHendorsementofthesponsoringorganizationsortheirprogramsorproducts.Furthermore,NIOSHisnotresponsibleforthecontentoftheseWebsites.AllWebaddressesreferencedinthisdocumentwereaccessibleasofthepublicationdate.OrderinginformationToreceivedocumentsormoreinformationaboutoccupationalsafetyandhealthtopics,contactNIOSH:Telephone:1–800–CDC–INFO(1-800-232-4636)TTY:1–888–232–6348CDCINFO:www.cdc.gov/infoorvisittheNIOSHwebsiteatwww.cdc.gov/nioshForamonthlyupdateonnewsatNIOSH,subscribetoNIOSHeNewsbyvisitingwww.cdc.gov/niosh/eNews.SuggestedCitationNIOSH[2013].Currentstrategiesforengineeringcontrolsinnanomaterialproductionanddownstreamhandlingprocesses.Cincinnati,OH:U.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices,CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,NationalInstituteforOccupationalSafetyandHealth,DHHS(NIOSH)PublicationNo.2014–102.DHHS(NIOSH)PublicationNo.2014–102November2013iiiCurrentStrategiesforEngineeringControlsinNanomaterialProductionandDownstreamHandlingProcessesForewordTheNationalInstituteforOccupationalSafetyandHealth(NIOSH)ischargedwithprotectingthesafetyandhealthofworkersthroughresearchandtraining.Anareaofcurrentconcentrationisthestudyofnanotechnology,thescienceofmatterneartheatomicscale.Muchofthecurrentresearchfocusesonunderstandingthetoxicologyofemergingnanomaterialsaswellasexposureassessment;verylittleresearchhasbeenconductedonhazardcontrolforexposurestonanomaterials.Aswecontinuetoresearchthehealtheffectsproducedbynanomaterials,particularlyasnewmaterialsandproductscontinuetobeintroduced,itisprudenttoprotectworkersnowfrompotentialadversehealthoutcomes.Controllingexposurestooccupationalhazardsisthefundamentalmethodofprotectingworkers.Traditionally,ahierarchyofcontrolshasbeenusedasameansofdetermininghowtoimplementfeasibleandeffectivecontrolsolutions.ƒEliminationƒSubstitutionƒEngineeringControlsƒAdministrativeControlsƒPersonalProtectiveEquipmentFollowingthishierarchynormallyleadstotheimplementationofinherentlysafersystems,wheretheriskofillnessorinjuryhasbeensubstantiallyreduced.Engineeringcontrolsarefavoredoveradministrativeandpersonalprotectiveequipmentforcontrollingexistingworkerexposuresintheworkplacebecausetheyaredesignedtoremovethehazardatthesource,beforeitcomesincontactwiththeworker.However,evidenceofcontroleffectivenessfornanomaterialproductionanddownstreamuseisscarce.Thisdocumentisasummaryofavailabletechnologiesthatcanbeusedinthenanotechnologyindustry.Whilesomeofthesehavebeenevaluatedinthisindustry,othershavebeenshowntobeeffectiveatcontrollingsimilarprocessesinotherindustries.Theidentificationandadoptionofcontroltechnologiesthathavebeenshowneffectiveinotherindustriesisanimportantfirststepinreducingworkerexposurestoengineerednanoparticles.Ourhopeisthatthisdocumentwillaidintheselectionofengineeringcontrolsforthefabricati...