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Chapter-7SustainableTourismPlanning196Chapter-7SustainableTourismPlanning7.1SUSTAINABLETOURISM7.2TOURISMVERSUSSUSTAINABLETOURISM7.3AIMSFORSUSTAINABLETOURISM7.4COMPONENTSOFSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT7.5STEPSTOSUSTAINABLETOURISM7.6BENEFITSOFSUSTAINABLETOURISMDEVELOPMENT7.7OPERATIONALGUIDELINESFORSUSTAINABLETOURISMDEVELOPMENT7.7.1Government7.7.2Developers,OperatorsandSuppliers7.7.3TheVisitors7.7.4TheDestinationPopulation/HostCommunity7.7.5Non-GovernmentalOrganisations/Scientific&Researchinstitutions7.8ACODEOFCONDUCTFORSUSTAINABLETOURISMINSIKKIM7.9DEVELOPMENTOFECO-FRIENDLYDIMENSIONOFTOURISM7.10STRATEGIESFORSUSTAINABLETOURISMDEVELOPMENTINSIKKIM7.11SIKKIMTOURISMPOLICIESChapter-7SustainableTourismPlanning1977.1SUSTAINABLETOURISM:Theworldtourismreportdefinessustainabletourism―asamode,formofeconomicdevelopmentthatexemplifiesstewardshipofenvironmentandsensitivitytocommunityandculturalaspiration.‖(WTO,1996)―Sustainabletourismdevelopmentmeetstheneedsofthepresenttouristsandhostregionswhileprotectingandenhancingtheopportunityforthefuture.Itisenvisagedasleadingtomanagementofallresourcesinsuchawaythateconomic,socialandaestheticneedscanbefulfilled,whilemaintainingculturalintegrityessentialecologicalprocesses,biologicaldiversityandlifesupportsystems‖(EnglishTourismCouncil,2002)―Sustainabletourismisaboutmanagingtourism‘simpactsontheenvironment,communities,andthefutureeconomytomakesurethattheeffectsarepositiveratherthannegativeforthebenefitoffuturegenerations.Itisamanagementapproachthatisrelevanttoalltypesoftourism,regardlessofwhetherittakesplaceincities,towns,countrysideorthecoast.‖(Butler,1993)―Tourismwhichisinaformwhichcanmaintainitsviabilityinanareaforaninfiniteperiodoftime.‖(CNPA,2005)―Tourismthattakesaccountofitscurrentandfutureeconomic,socialandenvironmentalimpacts,addressingtheneedsofvisitors,theindustry,theenvironmentandhostcommunities.‖Eber(1992)―iftourismistobetrulybeneficialtoallconcerned...andsustainableinthelong-term,itmustbeensuredthatresourcesarenotover-consumed,thatnaturalandhumanenvironmentsareprotected,thattourismisintegratedwithotheractivities,thatitprovidesrealbenefitstothelocalcommunities...thatlocalpeopleareinvolvedandincludedintourismplanningandimplementation,andthatculturesandpeoplearerespected.‖Chapter-7SustainableTourismPlanning1987.2TOURISMVERSUSSUSTAINABLETOURISM:Upto1950s,tourismwasamoneymakingindustryformanycountries(Viz.Switzerland,Scotlandetc.inEuropeandmanySouth-EastAsiaticcountries),thusthecountriesmaintainedareasonablycleanandattractiveimageasaharmlessbusinessthatcouldbringfinancialbenefitstotheirplacesoforigin.However,from1960snumerouscasestudiesuncoveredthefactthattourismcouldalsoupsettheecosystembalanceoftheenvironmentofagivenarea.Althoughapparentlytourismasaharmlessindustryitcannotbeconsideredascompletelypollution-free.Uncontrolledtourismcancreatetwo-foldenvironmentalpollution:a)physical,aswellasb)socio-cultural.Physicalenvironmentalpollutionduetotourismisobvious,asinfluxofalargenumberoftourists(i.e.,temporaryvisitorswithlittlecareformaintenanceoftheplacetovisit)meansdumpingofadditionalgarbageintheenvironmentintheformoflittersonthelandsurface,destructionofsurfacevegetationandemissionsintheatmosphere.Environmentalpollutionatthesocio-culturallevelisalarming.Iftourismisviewedasaphenomenonofinteractionbetweenhostandguestcultures,itmakeslittleeffe...