InternationalJournalofAdvancesinEngineering&Technology,Sept2012.©IJAETISSN:2231-196353Vol.4,Issue2,pp.53-66MAJORTHEORIESOFCONSTRUCTIONACCIDENTCAUSATIONMODELS:ALITERATUREREVIEWSeyyedShahabHosseinian,ZahraJabbaraniTorghabehDepartmentofStructureandMaterials,FacultyofCivilEngineering,UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia(UTM),JohorBahru,Johor,MalaysiaABSTRACTAccidentsinconstructionsitesareunplannedoccurrencesinvolvingmovementofpersons,objectsormaterialswhichmayresultininjuries,damagesandlossestopropertiesorpeople.Themajorityofaccidentshappenasresultofunsafeactsandunsafeconditions.Sinceallhazardsinconstructionworkplacesarenotalwayspossibletobeidentifiedandeliminatedthereforeeffectiveaccidentinvestigationprogramsareessentialforcollectingcriticaldata.Constructionaccidentscanbepreventedjustbyidentifyingtherootcausesofaccidents,whichispossiblebyaccidentinvestigationtechniquessuchastheoriesofaccidentcausationtheoriesandhumanerrors;thesetheoriesprovideexplanationsofwhyaccidentshappen.Thispaperisaimedatreviewingthemostcommonaccidentcausationtheorieswhichmainlyfocusonpeoplevariable,managementaspectsandphysicalcharacteristicsofhazards.Theintentionofthispaperistoenhancetheoverallunderstandingoftheaccidentcausationtheorieswhichsignifiestheidentificationofhowhazardsintheconstructionworkplacescauselosses.Onthecontrarytheweaknessofthesetheoriesisthattheydonotofferextensivestrategicguidelinesformanagersandsupervisorsforreducingrisksatconstructionworkplaces.Moreover,thesetheoriesimplytheinappropriateperceptionthataccidentsinworkplacescanbepreventedifhumanerrorsareeliminated.Strategiesneedtoberevisedtomanagetheriskandworkersneedtobewatchfulofit.Agreatnumberofaccidentscanbepreventedifthesafetymanagementsystemreflectsbothnaturaldegradationandtheseintrinsicthreats.Theinitialstepindevelopingsuchsystemispreparingamodelwhichshowstheinteractionbetweentheaccidentlikelihoodandorganizationaltasksandactivitiesinthepresenceofthesehazards.KEYWORDS:Constructionsafety,Hazards,Constructionaccident,Accidentcausationtheory/model,AccidentpreventionI.INTRODUCTIONConstructionindustryplaysanimportantroleinimprovementofcountries’economicgrowth.Despitethecontributionstoeconomicalgrowth,constructionindustryhasalwaysbeenblamedforthehighratesofaccidentsandfatalities;thisissuehasplacedtheconstructionindustryamongtheindustrieswithunreasonableratesofaccidents,permanentandnonpermanentdisabilitiesandevenfatalities.Therearemanyevidencesinrepresentingconstructionindustryasahazardousandinconsistentindustry[1].Highratesofaccidentsandfatalitiesinthisindustryhaveplaceditamonghazardousindustries.Thecostsofinjuries,whicharedirectandindirect,Workers’compensationinsurance,legalliabilityaswellaslegalprosecutionshavepushedpartiesinvolvedtoseekwaysofmitigatingthesehazards[2].Theworldratesofoccupationalinjuries,illnessesandfatalitiesarestillalarming.Nationally,morethan55,000peoplediefromoccupationalhazardsannually,294,000illnessesand3.8millionaregettinginjured.Theaccidents’annualdirectandindirectcostshavebeenappraisedtobefrom$128billionto$155billion.Constructionaccidentsleadtodelayinprojectcompletion,increasetheexpensesandruinthereputationandreliabilityofconstructors[3].AccordingtoreportbyNSC(NationalSafetyCouncil)in1996,1000constructionworkersdiedatworkand350,000InternationalJournalofAdvancesinEngineering&Technology,Sept2012.©IJAETISSN:2231...
优质VIP
