WHO_EVD_Guidance_TravelTransportRisk_14.1_eng.pdfVIP专享VIP免费原创优质

©WorldHealthOrganization2014.Allrightsreserved.ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofthematerialinthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheWorldHealthOrganizationconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.Dottedanddashedlinesonmapsrepresentapproximateborderlinesforwhichtheremaynotyetbefullagreement.AllreasonableprecautionshavebeentakenbytheWorldHealthOrganizationtoverifytheinformationcontainedinthispublication.However,thepublishedmaterialisbeingdistributedwithoutwarrantyofanykind,eitherexpressedorimplied.Theresponsibilityfortheinterpretationanduseofthemateriallieswiththereader.InnoeventshalltheWorldHealthOrganizationbeliablefordamagesarisingfromitsuse.WHO/EVD/Guidance/TravelTransportRisk/14.1INTERIMGUIDANCETravelandtransportriskassessment:InterimguidanceforpublichealthauthoritiesandthetransportsectorSeptember20142Travelandtransportriskassessment:InterimguidanceforpublichealthauthoritiesandthetransportsectorTravelandtransportriskassessment:InterimguidanceforpublichealthauthoritiesandthetransportsectorThisdocumentisanupdatetotheWHOdocumentdated21April2014“Travelandtransportriskassessment:guidanceforpublichealthauthoritiesandtransportsector”.1.BackgroundTheincubationperiodofEbolavirusdisease(EVD)(theintervalfrominfectiontotheonsetofsymptoms)rangesfrom2to21days.Peoplearenotinfectiveduringtheincubationperiod,butbecomeinfectivewiththeonsetofsymptoms.Person-to-persontransmissionbymeansofdirectcontactwithinfected,symptomaticpersonsortheirbodyfluids/secretionsistheprincipalmodeoftransmission.Airbornetransmissionhasnotbeendocumented.Theriskofinfectionduringthetransportofpersonscanbereducedthroughtheuseofbasicinfection,preventionandcontrolmeasures.Inthecurrentoutbreak,infectedtravellershavecrossedlandborderswithneighbouringcountriesorhavetravelledinternationally.MoreEVDcasesmightbeexportedtonon-affectedcountries.2.EmergencyCommitteerecommendationsAnEmergencyCommitteeforEbola,convened8August2014,undertheInternationalHealthRegulations(2005),concludedthat:TheEbolaoutbreakinWestAfricaconstitutesan“extraordinaryevent”andapublichealthrisktootherStates.Thepossibleconsequencesoffurtherinternationalspreadareparticularlyseriousinviewofthevirulenceofthevirus,theintensivetransmissionpatternsbothwithinthecommunityandinhealth-carefacilities,andtheweakhealthsystemsinthecurrentlyaffectedandmostat-riskcountries.AcoordinatedinternationalresponseisdeemedessentialtostopandreversetheinternationalspreadofEbola.TheWHODirector-GeneraldeclaredtheEbolaoutbreakinWestAfricaaPublicHealthEmergencyofInternationalConcern(PHEIC)andissuedspecificrecommendationsfortheresponsetotheEbolaoutbreak(moreinformationathttp://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2014/ebola-20140808/en/).3.RiskofEVDfordifferentgroups3.1TravellersreturningfromaffectedareasTheriskofatravellerbecominginfectedwithEbolavirusduringavisittotheaffectedareasanddevelopingdiseaseafterreturningisextremelylow,evenifthevisitincludedtraveltoareaswhereprimarycaseshavebeenreported.Transmissionrequiresdirectcontactwithblood,secretions,otherbodyfluidortissuesofinfectedpersons,orwithinfecteddeadbodiesoranimals,allunlikelyexposuresfortheaveragetraveller.Travellersarestronglyadvisedtoavoidallsuchcontacts.3.2Travellersv...