INTRODUCTIONTOSAFETYANDHEALTHINTHEWORKPLACE•ILOestimates>2.3millionfatalitieseveryyearduetooccupationalaccidentsandwork-relateddiseases.•Itisalsoestimatedthat>337millionworkerssustaininjuriesand>160millioncasesofwork-relateddiseases.•Manyaccidentsatworkgounreportedandmostoccupationaldiseasesgoundiagnosed,(SMEsandtheinformalsector)–thereisgrossunder-reporting.•Itisestimatedtocostcountries4%ofGDP.•Thecosttoworkersandtheirfamiliesisincalculable!TYPICALWORKPLACEINJURIESANDDISEASESTheMinistry/DepartmentofLabourisexpectedtocompileandcollatedatasuchas:InjuriesEyes6%Body18%Head7%Arms10%Handsandfingers32%Legs15%Feet12%OccupationaldiseasesHearingloss22%RespiratoryInfectiousdiseases6%Skindiseases33%diseases21%Joints9%Others9%ATPRESENTTHEREISLIMITEDDATAINTHEREGIONWHATISTHESITUATIONINTHECARIBBEAN?•Howmanyworkplaceaccidentsarethere?•Howmanyindustrialdiseasesarerecorded?•Inmanycountries,mostaccidentsanddiseasesatworkgounrecorded.Somereasonsare:-obsoletelegislationcoveringfewworkers;-lackofawarenessbyemployersandworkers;-toofewinspectors;and-lackofOSHtrainingandequipment.INTRUTH,NOONEKNOWSTHETRUEPICTUREFORTHECOUNTRIESOFTHECARIBBEAN!WHATISOCCUPATIONALSAFETYANDHEALTH?AccordingtotheILOandWHO,itis:•thepromotionandmaintenanceofthehighestdegreeofphysical,mentalandsocialwell-beingofallworkers;•thepreventionofadverseeffectsonhealthcausedbytheworkingconditions;workingconditions;•theprotectionofworkersfromhealthrisksatwork;•theplacingandmaintenanceofworkersinoccupationalenvironmentsadaptedtohis/herphysicalandmentalneeds;and•theadaptationofworktohumans.WHATTYPEOFHAZARDSAREFOUNDATWORK?Mechanical(machines,layout,housekeepingetc)Physical(noise,vibration,light,temperature,radiation,etc)ErgonomicChemical(dusts,fumes,vapoursetc)Biological(bacteria,virusesetc)Ergonomic(Sitting,standing,liftingetc)Psycho-social(stressetc)SOMEHAZARDSAREOBVIOUSWORKERSUNLOADINGCEMENTINSHIP’SHOLD.WOMENWORKERSCARRYINGANDSTACKING50KgsBAGSOFCEMENT...THISISDOUBLETHEUSUALLEGALLIMIT.HEREAREAFEWMOREEXAMPLESMechanicalHazardsSources:•machinesandmachineparts;•transport,aisles;•floors,platforms;•floors,platforms;•laddersandothermeansofaccess;and•poorhousekeeping.Effects:•cuts,wound,lossoffingers,hands,etc.•bruises,sprains,fracturesand,inextremecases,death.PoorHousekeepingPoorHousekeepingPOORHOUSEKEEPINGONBUILDINGSITESANDINADEQUATEFOOTWEAR=INJURYANDPOSSIBLEINFECTION.GoodHousekeeping•Aneatandtidyworkplaceisalsoamoreproductiveworkplace.•ItisalsosaferandhealthierPoorMachineGuardingPoorMachineGuardingITISALLTOOEASYTOGETCAUGHTINTHEGEAR.YOUMAYLOSEYOURFINGERS.EffectiveGuardingPhysicalHazardsNoiseandVibrationEffects:•temporaryandpermanenthearingloss•vibrationdisease(egVWF).•vibrationdisease(egVWF).ElectricityEffects:•burns,electricshockanddeath.PhysicalHazardsTemperatureEffects:•heatstress:cramps,exhaustionandstroke.LightingEffects:•glareandeyestrain•fatigue(andaccidents).PoorElectricalSafetyLightingAdequatelightingisrequiredforcloseworkChemicalHazardsChemicalshaveawholerangeofeffectsonworkersrangingfromirritationandburnsoftheskintogeneticdisordersandcancer.ChemicalHazardsChemicalHazardsTHISWORKERISUSINGCAUSTICSODA.ChemicalHazardsTHISISINCORRECTPPE.THEAPPROPRIATERESPIRATORSWITHCARTRIDGESMUSTBEUSED,ANDMUSTBEWORNCHEMICALSLEAKINGINTOTHEWATERSUPPLY.IFPPEISUSEDITMUSTBEOFTHECORRECTTYPEANDBEWORNCORRECTLY.USED,ANDMUSTBEWORNCORRECTLYANDCOVERBOTHNOSEANDMOUTH.ErgonomicHazardsSources:•badlydesignedmachinery,mechanicaldevicesandtools;•improperseatingandworkstationdesign;•poorlydesignedworkpractices,andawkwardpostures;•repetitivemotions;and•workershavingtocontendwithheavyweights,andhighforces.Effects:•fatigue;•RepetitiveStrainInjuries(RSI)andMusculoskeletalDisorders(MSD);and•backproblemsespeciallyofthelowerback.StandingalldayonconcretefloorscausesErgonomicHazardscausesfatigue–theworkersareprovidedwithmatting.ErgonomicHazardsWorkersshouldbeprovidedwithseatingoftheappropriatesizeandwithlowerbacksupport.NOLOWERBACKSUPPORTIMPROVISEDSEATINGErgonomicHazardsNOLOWERBACKSUPPORTAFOOTBARISLESSFATIGUINGIMPROVISEDSEATINGPsycho-socialHazardsSources:•qualityofwork(boring/monotonousworketc.);•social/humanrelationsatwork;and•off-the-jobproblems,eg.marital/familyissues.Effects:•stress;•discomfortandirritability;and•mentaldisease.Psycho-socialHazardsStressatworkcanaffectworkers,familiesandfriends.REMEMBER-ATWORKYOUSHOULDBE:PhysicallyfitHealthySociallywellMentallywellPROMOTIONPREVENTIONPROTECTIONAHEALTHYANDSAFEWORKERISAMOREPRODUCTIVEWORKER!
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