AsurveyofliteratureonautomatedstorageandretrievalsystemsKeesJanRoodbergen1RSMErasmusUniversity,P.O.box1738,3000DRRotterdam,TheNetherlands,IrisF.A.VisVUUniversityAmsterdam,FacultyofEconomicsandBusinessAdministration,DeBoelelaan1105,Room3A-31,1081HVAmsterdam,TheNetherlands,Pleaserefertothisarticleas:Roodbergen,K.J.andVis,I.F.A.(2009),Asurveyofliteratureonautomatedstorageandretrievalsystems.EuropeanJournalofOperationalResearch194(2),343-362.AbstractAutomatedStorageandRetrievalSystems(AS/RSs)arewarehousingsystemsthatareusedforthestorageandretrievalofproductsinbothdistributionandproductionenvironments.Thispaperprovidesanoverviewofliteraturefromthepast30years.AcomprehensiveexplanationofthecurrentstateoftheartinAS/RSdesignisprovidedforarangeofissuessuchassystemconfiguration,traveltimeestimation,storageassignment,dwellpointlocation,andrequestsequencing.Themajorityofthereviewedmodelsandsolutionmethodsareapplicabletostaticschedulinganddesignproblemsonly.RequirementsforAS/RSsare,however,increasinglyofamoredynamicnatureforwhichnewmodelswillneedtobedevelopedtoovercomelargecomputationtimesandfiniteplanninghorizons,andtoimprovesystemperformance.SeveralotheravenuesforfutureresearchinthedesignandcontrolofAS/RSsarealsospecified.Keywords:Logistics,AutomatedStorageandRetrievalSystems,warehouse,systemde-sign,controlpolicies.1Correspondingauthor11IntroductionAutomatedstorageandretrievalsystemshavebeenwidelyusedindistributionandproductionenvironmentssincetheirintroductioninthe1950s.Anautomatedstorageandretrievalsystem(AS/RS)usuallyconsistsofracksservedbycranesrunningthroughaislesbetweentheracks.AnAS/RSiscapableofhandlingpalletswithouttheinterferenceofanoperator,thusthesystemisfullyautomated.BothinproductionanddistributionenvironmentsAS/RSsareusedforputtingproducts(e.g.,rawmaterialsor(semi-)finishedproducts)instorageandforretrievingthoseproductsfromstoragetofulfillanorder.Between1994and2004,therehasbeenasignificantincreaseinthenumberofAS/RSsusedindistributionenvironmentsintheUnitedStates(AutomatedStorageRetrievalSystemsProductionSectionoftheMaterialHandlingIndustryofAmerica,2005).TheusageofAS/RSshasseveraladvantagesovernon-automatedsystems.Examplesaresavingsinlabourcostsandfloorspace,increasedreliabilityandreducederrorrates.Apparentdisadvantagesarehighinvestmentscosts(approximately$634,000forasingleaisleAS/RS,Zollinger,1999),lessflexibilityandhigherinvestmentsincontrolsystems(about$103,000,Zollinger,1999).IndesigninganAS/RS,manyphysicaldesignandcontrolissueshavetobeaddressedintherightwaytofullytakeadvantageofallitspros.ThispaperintendstopresentacriticaloverviewofallimportantissuesconcerningAS/RSdesignandcontrolinbothproductionanddistributionenvironmentswhilestudyingrecentandpastliterature.Previously,severaloverviewpapershavebeenpublishedthatdiscusspartoftheAS/RSliterature.Almostalloftheseoverviewpapers,however,haveafocusdifferentfromAS/RSs,forexample,generalwarehousedesign.Becauseofthis,onlyalimitednumberofaspectsofAS/RSsandalimitednumberofreferenceswithrespecttoAS/RSsarepresentedinthosepapers.MatsonandWhite(1982)reviewanumberofmaterialhandlingresearchareasoneofwhichisconcernedwithAS/RSs.Kusiak(1985)describesdesignandoperationaldecisionproblemsforflexiblemanufacturingsystemswithafocusonautomatedguidedvehiclesandAS/RSs.Theauthordiscussesdesign,storageandbatching(i.e.,consolidationoforders)polic...
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