TheoriesofAccidentCausationThisarticleattemptstodeliverexplanationsofwhyaccidentsoccurbyanalyzingthefundamentalanddevelopmentalpredecessorstoaccidentalevents.Accidents,eventsthatinjurepeople,damagepropertyandequipmentdon’tjusthappen.Theyarenotrandomactsoffatethatoccuroutoftheblue.Ratheraccidentsarethecombinationofeventsthatcometogethertocreateaflowofprocesswhereaprogressionofeventsleadstoanegativeoutcome,anaccident.Theneedforatheoryreflectsthedifficultiesinprovidinglogicalandrationaleexplanationsastoactuallywhycertainevents,people,equipmentinteractedtogenerateausuallypredictablenegativeoutcome.Overtheyearsmanyacademicsofthesafetyprofessionhavetriedtobringlogictocreateanunderstandingoftheunderlyingandcontributoryfactorsthatwhencollidefromaseriesofeventsproducetheenvironmentforaninjurytooccur.Atheoryis:"systematicallyorganizedknowledgeapplicableinawidevarietyofcircumstances;especially,asystemofassumptions,acceptedprinciples,andrulesofproceduredevisedtoanalyze,predict,orotherwiseexplainthenatureorbehaviorofaspecifiedsetofphenomena."[3]Accidents(defined)areunintendedandunplannedsingleormultipleeventsequencesthatarecausedbyunsafeactsand/orunsafeconditionsandmayresultinimmediateordelayedundesirableeffectstoworkers.Riskisdefinedasthechanceofinjury,damageorlossrelativetothefailurepotentialandtheconsequencesofinjuries.3.Hazardsaredefinedasunsafeconditionsthathavethepotentialforanactivity,asituationorcircumstancestoproduceharmfuleffects.Itisasetconditionsorachangingsetofcircumstancesthatpresentsapotentialforinjury,illnessorpropertydamage.Anyelementthatincreasesthechanceoflossiscalledahazard.Henrich,anearlycontributor,tothesafetyprofessionhadseveralideasabouthowthecasualaffectsthatproduceinjuriesalignedtogeneratethenegativeoutcome.Henrichstudied75,000accidentsandsortedtheaccidentsbyconditions:88%or66,000ofthe75,000accidentswerefromunsafeacts10%werefromunsafeconditions2%wereunpreventablecausesThisreviewandanalysiswasoneofthefirstsuchstudiesthatgaveinsightintoexactlywhatisthemajordriverofinjuries.Armedwiththisknowledgethesafetyprofessioncanbetterfocusresources.DominoTheory:HenrichfurthercontributedtothebasicunderstandingofaccidentcausationbydevelopingthewidelyknownDominoTheory.ThedominoTheoryholdsthataccidentsarenotrandomactsoffatethatjusthappenoutoftheblue.Thistheoryusestheanalogyof5Dominosstandingupofthethinbasesideandwhenonefallsitwillpushtheotherdownalltumblingtowardinjury.Thetheoryisdesignedtohelppractitioneridentifyinterventionpoints,pointsthat,ifactedon,willyieldadifferentoutcome,amorefavorableoutcomesuchasnoaccidentoraneventthatdoesnotleadtoinjuryorpropertydamage.Ifyoueliminatejustone,anyoneofthefirstfourDomino’sthathavealignedthentheDomino’swillnotcompletethesequencedfallandnoinjurywillresult.DominoTheory•AncestryandSocialEnvironment(negativecharactertraitsleadstounsafebehaviorcanbeinherited,Canbeacquired•FaultofPerson(theaboveiswhypeoplebehaveinunsafemanner)•Unsafeacts(committedbypeopleandmechanicalhazardsarethecausesofaccidents•Accident•InjuryIfyoueliminateanyoneofthefirstfourfactorsthenyouwillpreventtheinjury.ChainofeventscausedbyhumanerrorleadtoaccidentsINSETDOMINO”SWITHLABLELSONBOTTOMEnergyReleaseTheory:AnothertheorythathasgainedrespectistheenergyreleaseTheorywhichcomparestherateofreleaseofenergyandrelatestothekindofandseverityofinjuries.Thistheoryfocusesonthe...
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